Exam anxiety is defined as intense anxiety that prevents the effective use of acquired knowledge during an exam and leads to a decline in performance. Exams and being tested are situations that cause anxiety for everyone. Experiencing a certain level of anxiety can, contrary to common belief, have a positive effect on performance; it can motivate studying and may improve attention and concentration. However, when anxiety increases to a level that negatively affects performance, it is considered a disorder.
Causes of Exam Anxiety
Attributing excessive meaning to exams is one of the key factors that increase anxiety. Perceiving the exam not as a measure of knowledge level but as a tool that evaluates the person and their worth increases anxiety.
Exaggerated thoughts about the consequences of failure and parents’ reactions also increase anxiety. Failure may be catastrophized.
Perfectionist expectations from the child or the family elevate anxiety levels. Setting excessively high goals and believing that everything must be flawless are among the contributing factors.
Insufficient preparation for exams and parental attitudes such as comparison and constant criticism can also increase anxiety.
Symptoms of Exam Anxiety
Despite extensive studying, expected success may not be achieved in exams. Feelings of restlessness, tension, worry, distress, and fear of failure may occur before exams. Difficulties in concentration and attention during studying may be observed.
During periods of intense anxiety, physical symptoms such as nausea, palpitations, sweating, trembling, and abdominal pain may occur. Due to fear of failure, reluctance and avoidance of studying or taking exams may develop.
Ways to Cope with Exam Anxiety
It is important to replace unrealistic thoughts and beliefs that trigger anxiety with alternative and realistic ones. Thoughts such as “I will definitely fail the exam” should be replaced with more realistic ones such as “If I study enough, I can succeed,” which can effectively reduce anxiety.
During periods of increased anxiety, techniques such as deep breathing, relaxation exercises, and shifting attention can help provide relief.
Effective time management is essential. Starting exam preparation early, studying in a structured way, and filling knowledge gaps are important. As the person feels more prepared, their anxiety will decrease.
It is important that families do not project high expectations onto their children. Statements that may increase anxiety and comparisons should be avoided; instead, the child’s effort and achievements should be acknowledged and appreciated.
Dr Mehmet Çolak, SpecialistChild and Adolescent Psychiatrist